A Sea-Bird SBE 21 SeaCAT Thermosalinograph (TSG) operated continuously throughout the survey, drawing seawater from a hull intake at 4 m depth and recording salinity, conductivity, and temperature at 10-second intervals. The internal temperature sensor (SBE 21, S/N 3418) and an external temperature sensor (SBE 38, S/N 878) provided redundant temperature measurements, while the integrated conductivity sensor enabled the derivation of practical salinity. A WetLabs ECO AFL FL (FLRT-9259) fluorometer was mounted in-line with the TSG water supply, augmenting the continuous surface observations with chlorophyll-a fluorescence measurements.